Paulus Civil Engineering Journal adalah jurnal ilmiah hasil penelitian mahasiswa, dosen, praktisi, dan profesional yang diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus. Jurnal ini terbit 4 (empat) kali dalam setahun, pada Bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Performance Assessment of Wastewater Management for Safe Sanitation in Religious Educational Institutions in Palu City
Section: Artikel Keywords: Safe Sanitation, wastewater management, Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), Islamic Boarding Schools, Palu City Effective wastewater management in religious educational institutions plays a critical role in ensuring access to safe sanitation. This study evaluates the performance of wastewater management systems in seven Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) in Palu City using a mixed approach that includes questionnaires administered to students and administrators, field inspections of sanitation facilities, and laboratory analysis of effluent quality. Perception data were processed using a Likert scale and analyzed descriptively with SPSS. Laboratory results indicate that all effluent quality parameters—TSS, BOD, COD, pH, oil and grease, and ammonia—meet the regulatory limits set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.68/2016, demonstrating that the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operate effectively. Field observations show that most pesantren fall within the good to very good performance category, although several gaps remain, particularly in facility maintenance, sufficiency of toilet units, and documentation of WWTP operational activities. Questionnaire responses reveal that students generally exhibit good hygiene practices, though consistency varies. The study highlights the need for increasing the number of toilets in line with student-to-facility ratios, expanding or modifying WWTP capacity to accommodate population growth, and strengthening operation and maintenance routines through systematic record-keeping. Continued monitoring support from relevant authorities is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of wastewater management in religious educational institutions
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Perubahan Pola Aliran Akibat Variasi Model Baffle Block Pada Bangunan Spillway
Section: Artikel Keywords: Bendungan, Spillway, Baffle Blockm, Loncatan Hidraulik The spillway is a hydraulic structure characterized by a channel with a steep longitudinal slope. Variations in the channel cross-section significantly influence the flow characteristics, particularly the transition from subcritical to supercritical flow conditions. A series of physical model experiments were conducted to investigate the flow behavior along the spillway structure by modifying the configuration of the baffle blocks in accordance with the standard design criteria for energy dissipation systems. High flow discharge in a steep channel generates considerable flow velocity and kinetic energy. Variations in flow pressure as water passes through the spillway structure strongly affect the downstream safety, especially concerning potential erosion of the riverbanks and channel bed. The implementation of baffle blocks along the chute effectively reduces flow energy, thereby altering flow behavior and velocity distribution over time. The findings of this study reveal that the upstream water depth is directly proportional to the energy magnitude at the downstream section of the spillway. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of the baffle blocks in dissipating flow energy, as confirmed through both analysis and experimental observations. It can be concluded that the fluid friction observed along the channel results from transitional flow phenomena occurring within the chute section.
Bendungan, Spillway, Baffle Blockm, Loncatan Hidraulik
Analisis Produktivtas Alat Berat Pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Akses dan Fasilitas Pendukung Stasiun Maros
Section: Artikel Keywords: Heavy Equipment , , earthwork,, productivity Road construction as access and connection to an area is beneficial, among other things, to facilitate the mobilization of goods and services, improve the economy and connectivity between regions. The Maros district government is constructing a new road to connect Maros Train Station with the main road, with a length of 2.5 km. The work carried out is land leveling. This work uses heavy equipment to achieve high productivity so that the work can be completed on time, on budget, and with high quality. Four units of construction equipment were used according to their functions, including dump trucks to transport material from the quarry to the project site, excavators to spread the material, bulldozers to level it, and vibration rollers to compact it. Research was conducted to determine the productivity of each tool according to its function and characteristics. The results of the research on the productivity of each tool showed that the productivity of the dump truck was 14.78 m3/hour, the excavator was 337.62 m3/hour, the bulldozer was 91.12 m3/hour, and the vibration roller was 110.67 m3/hour.
Penggunaan Agregat Sungai Walanae Kabupaten Wajo Sebagai Bahan Campuran Beton
Section: Artikel Keywords: Concrete characteristics, Compressive strength, Tensile Strength, Modulus of elasticity Concrete is one type of construction material that is generally used for building projects, bridges, roads, and other buildings. The Walanae River in Wajo Regency is one of the rivers that produces materials in the form of aggregate used by the local community, but there is no certainty that the aggregate can be used as a concrete mixture. The formulation of the problem in this study is based on the background that has been described, namely, whether the characteristics of concrete using the aggregate of the Walanae River in Wajo Regency are qualified as concrete construction materials. To conduct laboratory tests on concrete samples using aggregate from the Walanae River, Wajo Regency to determine compressive strength, tensile strength, bending strength, and modulus of elasticity. Testing of 25 MPa and 30 MPa plan quality samples. The test pieces used were 42 samples, compressive strength 24 samples, tensile strength 6 samples, bending strength 6 samples, and elastic modulus 6 samples. Based on the results of the 28-day concrete testing research for 25 MPa quality, achieving the planned quality was 25,455 MPa. The results of the 28-day concrete test for 30 MPa quality did not reach the planned quality obtained 27,152 MPa. Aggregate from the Walanae River can be used effectively in the production of concrete of a quality suitable for the structure.
Perencanaan Perkerasan Lentur Ruas Jalan Pao - Pao – Bajimangai Maros
Section: Artikel Keywords: Component Analysis Method, 2024 Pavement Design Manual, Pavement Thickness The Pao-Pao - Bajimangai road improvement is an activity to overcome the problems complained about by the Bajimangai community, where the road axis is an alternative route for the community to Kariango. The research was conducted by planning to design the thickness of flexible pavement using the Component Analysis method and the 2024. The design pavement thickness 3 results include a 30 mm thick HRS-WC surface layer, 35 mm thick HRS-Base, a class 150 mm thick for the upper foundation layer and 125 mm for the lower foundation layer with LPA class B. The design 3A consists of a 40 μm thick AC-WC surface layer, a 60 μm thick AC-BC layer, and a 400 μm thick Class A top layer. A 50 mm thick melting layer, 150 mm thick crushed stone, and 100 mm thick sandy soil were obtained using the Component Analysis method. The class A Top Foundation Layer is 30 mm thick, the HRS-WC surface layer is 30 mm thick, the HRS-Base is 35 mm thick, and the bottom foundation layer uses 125 mm thick class B LPA.
Penambahan Serabut Kelapa pada Tanah Terhadap Uji Kompaksi
Section: Artikel Keywords: Compaction test, Coconut Fiber, Soil Stabilization Good soil quality is essential to ensure the strength and stability of structures built on it. This study aims to determine the soil's physical characteristics and the effect of adding coconut coir using compaction tests. The study is divided into two stages, namely: 1) testing the soil's physical properties; 2) performing compaction tests. According to the AASHTO classification, the soil is classified as A-7-6, meaning it is a clay soil; based on the USCS classification, the soil falls into the category of inorganic clay with low to medium plasticity. The effect of adding coconut fiber to the soil samples—up to 2% addition—resulted in an increase in optimum moisture content of 14.8% for point 1 and 14.1% for point 2. An increase was also observed in the dry unit weight with up to 2% addition: 6.3% for point 1 and 8.5% for point 2.
Pengaruh Penambahan Hebel (Bata Ringan) dan Batu Apung pada Tanah Terhadap Nilai Kompaksi
Section: Artikel Keywords: Classification, Standard Proctor, , Stabilization, Soil Bearing Capacity Depending on its kind, content, and treatment, soil can have a variety of qualities. Stabilization is therefore required to increase the soil's bearing capacity. The use of supplemental materials like pumice and Hebel (lightweight brick) is one approach to boost the soil's bearing capacity. Hebel is a lightweight, permeable material that helps ease the burden on the soil. The study was conducted in two stages: 1) Evaluating the physical properties of the soil; 2) Compaction test As per the AASHTO classification, the soil falls within the clay soil category (A-7-6). The soil falls within the category of inorganic clay soil with a low to medium degree of flexibility according to the USCS classification. Because lightweight bricks and pumice have a high lime content, which increases the soil's bearing capacity, test results showing their addition to the soil using the standard proctor showed an increase of up to 15% from the original soil.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Singkong Sebagai Bahan Tambah Semen Pada Campuran Beton
Section: Artikel Keywords: Cassava peel ash, Additives, Concrete mix , Compressive strength This study uses cassava peel ash as a cement additive in concrete mixtures. As an important crop in many tropical countries, cassava produces a lot of waste during its processing, mostly in the form of cassava peels. One interesting material is cassava peel ash from cassava processing which is added to concrete. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cassava peel ash (AKS) addition in varying amounts to cement, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength values of concrete mixtures. The mix design method uses SNI 7565:2012, fresh concrete testing uses SNI 1973:2008, compressive strength SNI 1974:2011, split tensile strength SNI 2491:2014, and flexural strength of concrete using SNI 4431:201. This research was conducted in the Concrete Laboratory of Civil Engineering of Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus. Based on the weight of cement, the amount of cassava peel ash used varied from 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. The compressive strength that meets the plan quality is found in variations of 0, and 2%, for split tensile strength and flexural strength, the variation in the addition of AKS values decreases. Concrete quality decreased with increasing AKS variation.
Penerapan Metode Line Of Balance (LoB) pada Penjadwalan Proyek Perumahan
Section: Artikel Keywords: Construction, Line of Balance, Project scheduling Scheduling in project implementation is very important to determine the work properly and correctly, therefore the construction of a project cannot be separated from scheduling in increasing project success. In houtilizing construction projects there is work that is done repeatedly or work with repetitive properties. The goal of this study is to compute the timing of the work of each unit of work. To get the outcomes of the timing of work in this study utilizing the Line of Balance (LoB) technique. This study is performed by field observation and calculating the timing of work from the volume value of each work unit. Based on the outcomes of the analysis performed for scheduling the project type 70/90 as many as 22 units, namely 1165 days or 3.2 years. This technique is effective because it displays production levels and time information in a graphical format so that it can figure out errors that happen.
Perbandingan Kadar Aspal JMF dan Lapangan Melalui Pengujian Ekstraksi Metode Reflux Campuran AC-WC
Section: Artikel Keywords: AC-WC, , Extraction, Asphalt content Asphalt content refers to the weight percentage of asphalt contained in an asphalt concrete mix or asphalt mixture for road construction. Asphalt is a binding material used in road construction to provide strength and durability against loads, as well as to protect the road surface from damage due to environmental factors such as water, heat, and traffic loads. The asphalt content in the asphalt mixture plays an important role in determining the physical and mechanical properties of the mixture. The right amount of asphalt must be used to achieve a mixture that has adequate strength, resistance to deformation, and resistance to cracking. If the asphalt content is too low, the mixture may become brittle and susceptible to cracking. Conversely, if the asphalt content is too high, the mixture can become soft and susceptible to plastic deformation. The purpose of the research is to determine the comparison of asphalt content in the field and the Job Mix Formula. Asphalt content can be measured by examining the extraction results using specific methods, such as the asphalt extraction test. Extraction testing is performed using the reflux extraction method to determine the asphalt content. This process is generally carried out on asphalt and aggregate mixtures used in road construction. According to the 2018 General Specifications revision 2, the tolerance limit for asphalt content is ± 0.3% of the mixture weight.
Analisis Karakteristik Tanah Dasar Pada Pembangunan Jembatan Muara Sungai 3 Sp. Desa Raja Barat-Curup Kabupaten Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI)
Section: Artikel Keywords: Karakteristik tanah, Jembatan, Sondir, Kuat geser tanah Tanah berperan sebagai fondasi untuk membangun berbagai jenis struktur dan konstruksi, mulai dari gedung hingga infrastruktur jalan. Oleh karena itu, analisis tanah diperlukan untuk mengenali karakteristik tanah di suatu area. Pemerintah perlu melaksanakan program pengembangan wilayah melalui perencanaan yang terintegrasi, sistematis, dan berkelanjutan, sesuai dengan standar mutu dan kualitas. Salah satu inisiatif pemerintah dalam pengembangan wilayah adalah pembangunan jaringan jalan dan jembatan di kawasan Sp. Desa Raja Barat-Curup, Kabupaten PALI, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kondisi tanah melalui uji lapangan, seperti sondir, dan uji laboratorium berupa kuat geser langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik fisik tanah, dengan rata-rata kadar air sebesar 27,675%, berat isi 1,415 gr/cm³, berat jenis 2,605, nilai LL antara 32,14% hingga 38,52%, dan nilai PL antara 14,58% hingga 18,11%. Dari data tersebut, nilai IP diperoleh antara 14,02 hingga 23,94%, serta persentase berat tanah yang lolos ayakan No. 200 mencapai 27,60% hingga 30,20%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, tanah dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai tanah berbutir halus dengan simbol CL menurut sistem USCS. Selain itu, hasil uji kuat geser langsung menunjukkan bahwa tanah pada titik 1 memiliki sudut geser sebesar 30,75 derajat dengan nilai kohesi antara 0,4267 kPa hingga 2,8233 kPa.
Perencanaan Rute Angkutan Sekolah di Kabupaten Empat Lawang (Studi kasus : Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi)
Section: Artikel Keywords: Perencanaan rute, Angkutan Sekolah, Keselamatan Pelajar Perencanaan rute angkutan sekolah di Kabupaten Empat Lawang, khususnya di Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan keselamatan pelajar. Penelitian ini melibatkan 351 pelajar sebagai responden, dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa 87% pelajar setuju adanya angkutan sekolah, dan 83% bersedia beralih ke angkutan sekolah. Faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pemilihan angkutan sekolah oleh pelajar adalah kenyamanan (47%), keamanan (20%), dan waktu tunggu yang cepat (13%). Selain itu, mayoritas pelajar mengharapkan tarif angkutan sekolah sebesar Rp. 2.000,-. Hasil analisis permintaan angkutan sekolah menunjukkan potensi besar untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada kendaraan pribadi, dengan permintaan tertinggi berasal dari Kelurahan Tanjung Kupang yang mencatatkan 775 perjalanan. Penentuan rute, dilakukan pendekatan berbasis data yang mempertimbangkan sebaran asal-tujuan pelajar, kondisi jaringan jalan, guna lahan, dan kaksesibilitas. Perencanaan rute yang optimal bertujuan untuk meminimalkan waktu perjalanan dan waktu tunggu, serta meningkatkan keandalan layanan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah daerah memperhatikan perencanaan operasional angkutan sekolah berbasis data untuk meningkatkan efisiensi transportasi dan mendukung keberlanjutan sistem transportasi di Kabupaten Empat Lawang.
Perencanaan rute, Angkutan Sekolah, Keselamatan Pelajar
Model Pemilihan Moda dengan Maksud Perjalanan Bekerja Menuju Central Business District di Kabupaten Subang (Studi Kasus: Trayek 05A dan 010A)
Section: Artikel Keywords: Mode Selection, Binary Logit Ratio, Policy Proposal The issue of mode choice can be considered the most important step in the creation and evaluation of transportation plans. Such conditions occur in Subang Regency, particularly in the Central Business District (CBD), where the community must choose between public and private transportation for activities such as work. The aim of this research is to develop a mode choice model where the results of this model can be used as a reference in making policy proposals to increase urban transportation users in Subang Regency. The method used in this study is binary logit ratio analysis using SPSS version 27. The results show that the smaller the ratio between urban transportation costs and motorcycle costs, the higher the probability of using urban transportation in Subang Regency. Thus, cost is a very sensitive indicator for the probability of urban transportation. The policy proposal suggested by the researchers is the implementation of subsidies on urban transportation fares, which will encourage the community to shift from motorcycle use to urban transportation due to lower fares.
Analisis Kinerja Lampu Lalu Lintas Pada Persimpangan Jalan Hasanuddin–Jalan W.R Supratman Timika–Papua Tengah
Section: Artikel Keywords: Simpang bersinyal, MKJI 1997, Jl. Hasanuddin-Jl. W.R Supratman Titik sentral lalu lintas adalah simpang yang dilengkapi lampu lalu lintas, terletak di pertemuan jalan. Pentingnya lampu lalu lintas pada setiap persimpangan agar kendaraan dapat dengan mudah melalui persimpangan dan mencegah atau mengurai kemacetan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis simpang jalan Hasanuddin-W. R Supratman berdasarkan metode MKJI 1997. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data maksimum satuan mobil penumpang perjam adalah 607,3 smp/jam, nilai ini masih berada dibawah ambang batas yang dianjurkan oleh MKJI 1997, dimana nilainya antara 2500-5400 smp/jam. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa jalan Hasanuddin - jalan W R Supratman belum layak menggunakan simpang bersinyal.
Simpang bersinyal, MKJI 1997, Jl. Hasanuddin-Jl. W.R Supratman
Analisis Upaya Mitigasi Dampak Gerusan (Scouring) Aliran Sungai terhadap Struktur Pilar Jembatan
Section: Artikel Keywords: scouring, pier, HEC-RAS, Bridge, River Channel Improvement A hydraulic analysis of the Basi 6 River revealed that the floodwater level during the Q100 design discharge nearly reaches the bottom elevation of the existing bridge. In 2025, a major flood event caused the water surface to rise to the underside of the bridge deck, posing a significant threat to the structural integrity of the bridge, which has been in service for several decades. The bridge is located at a sharp river bend, where the outer bank receives the highest flow velocity. This condition resulted in direct impact on the abutment, triggering local scouring that threatens the foundation's stability. Under existing conditions, the flow velocity was recorded at 4.86 m/s, which accelerates erosion around the bridge structure. To address this issue, a river normalization effort was carried out by realigning the river geometry to create a straighter flow path, alongside the construction of embankments extending 100 meters upstream and downstream of the bridge. These measures aim to reduce flow velocity and minimize scouring potential. Additionally, flow-reduction structures are planned, particularly at critical bends. Simulation results indicate that the flow velocity can be reduced to 2.03 m/s under the proposed conditions. This represents a significant reduction in flow energy and an improvement in structural stability near the abutment. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that a combination of river realignment, installation of gabion structures, and raising the bridge elevation by at least 1.5 meters above the Q100 flood level will effectively mitigate scouring risks and enhance the overall safety and resilience of the bridge structure.
Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu terhadap Stabilitas Campuran Aspal AC-BC
Section: Artikel Keywords: Campuran AC-BC, stabilitas Marshall, kelelehan, suhu, regresi linier Perkerasan lentur seperti campuran AC-BC digunakan untuk mendukung beban lalu lintas yang tinggi dan meningkatkan durabilitas jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi suhu dan waktu pemanasan terhadap karakteristik Marshall campuran AC-BC. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium dengan variasi suhu 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, dan 60°C serta waktu pemanasan 7, 15, 30, dan 45 hari. Parameter yang diuji adalah stabilitas dan kelelehan menggunakan metode Marshall dan dianalisis melalui regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu dan waktu pemanasan berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai stabilitas, serta positif terhadap nilai kelelehan. Model regresi menunjukkan suhu memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap penurunan stabilitas dan peningkatan kelelehan. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya memperhitungkan faktor suhu dan waktu dalam perencanaan dan pengujian campuran AC-BC, guna memastikan kinerja perkerasan optimal pada kondisi lingkungan tropis.
Performa Kuat Tekan Mortar Geopolimer Berbasis Fly Ash dengan Variasi Rasio Alkali Aktivator
Section: Artikel Keywords: Geopolimer, Abu terbang, Aktivator Alkali, Rasio W/C, Kuat Tekan The demand for environmentally friendly construction materials is increasing in line with efforts to reduce carbon emissions and utilize industrial waste. Portland cement contributes approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions. Geopolymers, derived from aluminosilicate-based fly ash, have been developed as an alternative to conventional cement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of varying alkali activator compositions on the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar type F. The fly ash was obtained from the Mpanau power plant and activated using a combination of Sodium Silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The samples were prepared in the form of 50 × 50 × 50 mm cube mortars with a mass ratio of fly ash to sand of 1:2.75 and a water-to-solid ratio (w/s) of 0.35. The activator dosages applied were 25%, 40%, and 55% of the fly ash weight, with the ratio of Sodium Silicate to total activator (W/A) set at 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1. Compressive strength tests were conducted at curing ages of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to assess the development of mechanical properties over time. The results indicated that increasing both the activator dosage and W/A ratio significantly affected the compressive strength characteristics of the mortar. The optimum compressive strength of 24.72 MPa was achieved with an activator dosage of 55% and a W/A ratio of 0.5 at 28 days. These findings suggest that geopolymer mortar with this composition has the potential to be applied as an environmentally friendly alternative structural material.
Pengaruh Rasio Air–Pengikat terhadap Waktu Pengikatan dan Kuat Tekan Pasta Geopolimer
Section: Artikel Keywords: fly ash, hydrated lime, alkali activator, geopolymer, compressive strength This study aims to evaluate the effect of the water-to-binder ratio on the setting time and compressive strength of geopolymer paste made from Class F fly ash sourced from the PLTU MPanau, Palu, with the addition of 10% hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂) by weight of the base material. The activators used were sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide, combined with pure demineralized water. The Na₂O dosages applied were 6%, 8%, and 10%, with water-to-binder ratios ranging from 0.24 to 0.42. The test specimens were cylindrical, with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 5 cm. Compressive strength tests were conducted at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that each Na₂O dosage had a specific optimal water-to-binder ratio that yielded an ideal setting time. For the 10% Na₂O dosage, the ideal ratio ranged from 0.26 to 0.34; for 8%, it was 0.42; and for 6%, it was between 0.38 and 0.40. The highest compressive strength, 22.68 MPa, was obtained at 28 days with a 10% Na₂O dosage and a water-to-binder ratio of 0.28.
Karakteristik Campuran AC-WC Menggunakan Batu Sungai Sarambu Bittuang Kabupaten Tana Toraja
Section: Artikel Keywords: AC-WC, river stone, marshall immersion, retained marshall stability Asphalt mixtures has a crucial role in road pavement. Tana Toraja Regency has Sarambu Bittuang River Stone resources that have the potential to be used in AC-WC mixtures. This research aims to determine the composition for AC-WC mixtures through conventional Marshall testing and to obtain the results of the Retained Marshall Stability of the AC-WC mixture from Sarambu Bittuang River Stone. The testing included Marshall Immersion. The research method included testing the characteristics of the aggregate (Los Angeles abrasion test, gradation, and Marshall testing (stability, flow, VIM, VMA, and VFB) according to the 2018 Bina Marga General Specifications. The findings of the research are that the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) is 7.00%, with the mixture composition being coarse aggregate 32.59%, fine aggregate 57.23%, and filler 3.18%, and the Retained Marshall Stability value is 95.89%, indicating that this mixture demonstrates good resistance to immersion.
Pengaruh Hambatan Samping Terhadap Kinerja Ruas Jalan Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus : Ruas Jalan Bandang)
Section: Artikel Keywords: Degree of saturation, side friction , road performance Traffic congestion in big cities is often a major problem on urban roads, including in Makassar City. Jalan Bandang, which is the main access road, also experiences the same thing as the surrounding area which is dense with community activities such as shops, schools, offices, restaurants and places of worship. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of urban road sections with shophouse land use. Data from direct field surveys collect information on traffic volume, lateral friction, vehicle speed and road geometry. Population data is also used as secondary data. The data was processed using the 2014 Indonesia Road Capacity Guidelines. Based on calculations and data analysis from three days of observation, the maximum traffic on the northern route on Monday was determined to be 1766.0 vehicles/hour. The highest traffic barrier was in the north on Wednesday with a vehicle density of 0.445.
Analysis of The Effect of Side Friction on Urban Road Performance (Jl. Landorundun, Rantepao, Toraja)
Section: Artikel Keywords: Performance, side frictions, urban road Jalan Landorundun is one of the main roads located in the bustling economic center of Rantepao city. Along this road there are shops, restaurants and market activities. This situation illustrates that the slowdown that occurs when vehicles pass along the road is caused by high roadside obstacles and disorderly traffic behavior from vehicles crossing the research location of this final project is on Jl. Landorundun, Rantepao District, North Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi. Primary data was obtained by conducting a direct survey in the field/research location, namely, Road Geometric, traffic volume, and side frition and secondary data, namely layout and population. This study used the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) 2014 analysis method, based on the results of the survey that has been conducted, the decrease in vehicle’ speed on Jl. Landorundun was caused by high side friction. The higher the side friction, the higher the degree of saturation. The higher the degree of saturation, the lower the road performance. The highest side friction occurred on Tuesday with a very high friction (ST) category of 1189.4 incidents/hour, due to market activities that occurred on that road section.
Evaluasi Perilaku Mekanik Mortar Berkelanjutan Menggunakan Butiran Plastik PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Sebagai Substitusi Agregat Halus
Section: Artikel Keywords: Flow Mortar, Density, Compressive Strength, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Transformation of non-renewable materials into renewable materials into sustainable innovative materials. Annual plastic waste increases and worsens environmental damage. The increase in plastic waste, which is difficult to decompose and produces toxic gases when burned, can harm the environment. Utilizing this waste in concrete production can help conserve building resources. This study is to test the mechanical behavior of mortar by replacing aggregates using PET plastic waste (granules) with variations of 0%, 3%, and 5% of the weight of sand. Testing was carried out at the age of 7 and 28 days. This study evaluated mortar flow, density, and compressive strength. Replacing fine aggregates using PET plastic aggregates up to 5% in the mortar mixture showed a positive impact on the compressive strength of the mortar, and the material can absorb energy well. This study shows that when 5% PET waste aggregate is added to the mortar, its compressive strength can increase by up to 1.16 times compared to the regular mixture, making it a good option for sustainable construction.
Faktor-Faktor Motivasi Pekerja Konstruksi Menurut Teori Kebutuhan Abraham H Maslow (Proyek Smart Building Pusdiklatwas BPKP)
Section: Artikel Keywords: Construction, work motivation , productivity Labor productivity is a primary focus of productivity in the construction sector. The majority of workers in a project come from the same or nearby locations, and most of their skills are inherited from their predecessors. This research aims to identify the main factors of motivation for construction workers and factors that can increase their motivation. Primary data collection was carried out by distributing and completing questionnaires from respondents. Data analysis used SPSS software. The findings of this study indicate that the main priority affecting the motivation of construction project workers is fulfilling physiological needs, especially a good salary. Factors that increase worker motivation on projects include family support, recognition of work results, clear job targets, and construction safety and health programs.
Analysis of Trip Generation Characteristics at Villa Mutiara Housing, Palopo City
Section: Artikel Keywords: Trip generation, characteristics,, housing Salobulo, located in the North Wara District of Palopo City, is the site of the Villa Mutiara housing project. This housing complex is strategically located near the center of Palopo City, which also serves as a hub for government and private offices, educational facilities, shopping centers, and other businesses that stimulate demand. Primary data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to each family member residing in the Villa Mutiara housing complex in Palopo City. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, correlation tests, and multiple linear regression. The results obtained indicate that the factors influencing the number of trips generated in this housing complex are the number of motorcycles owned, the number of cars owned, the number of family members who work, the type of vehicle used, the time of departure and return from work, travel distance, and transportation costs.
Peningkatan Aksesibilitas Integrasi Stasiun Klaten ke Terminal Tipe A Ir. Soekarno
Section: Artikel Keywords: transportation itegration, skybridge, walkability index, pedestrians Integration between transportation nodes is an important factor in creating an efficient and inclusive mobility system. In Klaten Regency, the absence of a direct connecting route between Klaten Station and the Ir. Soekarno Type A Terminal has resulted in low accessibility and user comfort, especially for vulnerable groups and users with luggage. This study aims to design an integration facility in the form of a skybridge to improve connectivity between the two nodes. The methods used include walkability surveys, user interviews, pedestrian volume transmission, and comparative analysis of distance and travel time. The results show that the quality of the existing route is not suitable for use, with a Walkability Index value of 31.05 (low category). In addition, the negative mode interaction value reached -188 (bad category), which increased to -60 (good category) after the improvement scenario was designed. A skybridge with a length of 50.4 meters and a width of 2.5–3 meters is recommended as a direct connecting route, which can reduce the distance from 1,400 meters to 50 meters and travel time from ±4 minutes to ±2 minutes. This planning is expected to not only increase the efficiency of passenger circulation, but also create a safe, comfortable transportation environment and support sustainable mobility patterns in the Klaten area
Persepsi Penumpang Angkutan Umum Kota (Pete-Pete) Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Trayek Terminal Malengkeri – Cendrawasih - Unhas, Makassar
Section: Artikel Keywords: Public transportation, Servqual, passenger perceptions The proper management of transportation is an important issue that must be considered by the country and service providers. Public transportation that meets the needs of the community. The purpose of this study is to understand passenger characteristics and passengers' perceptions of the quality of public transportation services on the Malengkeri Terminal – Cendrawasih – Unhas Campus route. Data collection was conducted on working days through passenger questionnaire forms. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and the Servqual approach (reliability, responsiveness, empathy, tangibles, and assurance). The characteristics of passengers using public transportation (pete-pete) on the Unhas-Cendrawasih-Malengkeri route are dominated by female passengers aged 26-35, working as private employees, and holding a bachelor's degree. Passengers' perception of the quality of public transportation service (pete-pete) on the Malengkeri Terminal – Cendrawasih – Unhas route is highest in the tangibles dimension, with the average highest expectation also in tangibles. The empathy and assurance dimensions of quality, reality/perception, and expectation have good values. The pete-pete transportation always ensures good cleanliness both inside and outside the vehicle, which is rated well. Meanwhile, the drivers always maintain a clean and neat appearance, which passengers also rate well. Assurance in pete-pete transportation, especially in the empathy service dimension, indicates a lack of attention and passenger safety maintenance, which is considered less satisfactory.
Analisis Kebutuhan Dan Ketersediaan Ruang Parkir Pada Maxi Store Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan
Section: Artikel Keywords: Accumulation , arrangements, parking Many problems arise if parking arrangements are inadequate. At Maxi Store, parking arrangements are still done manually. Parking attendants are still used in managing vehicle parking to direct and supervise parked vehicles. An example of a problem that arises is the lack of arrangement of vehicles in the parking area, so that there are often empty spaces that cannot be occupied. This results in the parking lot not being able to accommodate vehicles optimally, which ultimately means vehicles cannot occupy the parking area. To confirm whether the parking space in the Maxi Store yard on Jalan Perintis Independen is available. This research uses a field survey as a data collection method. From the analysis of parking characteristics data at the Maxi Store, it was obtained that the total parking capacity for cars was 11 vehicles with a 90˚ parking pattern, while motorbikes accommodated 46 vehicles with a 90˚ parking pattern. It is known that the average volume of car parking is 92 vehicles and for motorbikes it is 269 vehicles. It was found that the average accumulation of car parking was 10 vehicles and for motorbikes it was 47 vehicles. And the average parking index for cars is 90.91%, and for motorbikes it is 102.90%.
Evaluasi Laik Fungsi Jalan Menggunakan Pemeringkatan Skala Bintang Pada Ruas Jalan Masjid Raya, Kota Makassar
Section: Artikel Keywords: National road, Road functional, Star scale Roads are a crucial transportation infrastructure that plays a significant role in various community activities in both urban and rural areas. Article 30 of Indonesian Law number 38 of 2004 concerning Roads stipulates that public roads are operated after being determined to meet the technical and administrative requirements for road functionality. The objective of this research is to determine the star rating score for the road functionality of national urban roads. The guideline used in this study is 06/P/BM/2024. The star rating assessment is based on segments with intervals of 100 meters. Star rating is an objective assessment of the likelihood and severity of accidents occurring on the road. The research results on Masjid Raya Road, Makassar City, show star ratings of 5 and 4, indicating safer and safe roads.
Pengaruh Kendaraan Berat Terhadap Kinera Ruas Jalan Daengta Qalia Salodong, Kota Makassar
Section: Artikel Keywords: Degree of Saturation, Space Mean Speed, Heavy Vehicles, Influence Roads are the primary infrastructure playing a crucial role in the smooth flow of land transportation. The design life of a road is the period in years, calculated from the time the road is opened to traffic until major repairs are required or a new surface layer is deemed necessary. The Daengta Qalia Axis serves as an access road connecting several warehouses and factories that will transport logistics using heavy vehicles via Jalan Ir. Sutami, which will be distributed to and from the city of Makassar. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the proportion of heavy vehicles on the performance of the Daengta Qalia Salodong road section. The Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (PKJI) 2023 is used as a guideline. Traffic flow and speed counts were conducted for 1 week. The largest proportion of heavy vehicles, 30.49%, resulted in a degree of saturation of 0.259, however, the average space mean speed was 4.102 km/hour. The high number of heavy vehicles on the 2/2UD section causes smaller vehicles to adjust their speed to that of the heavy vehicles.
Karakteristik Campuran AC-BC Menggunakan Slag Nikel PT. Vale Sebagai Pengganti Agregat
Section: Artikel Keywords: AC-BC, Mixture Characteristics, Marshall Test, Nickel Slag The use of green materials for road work construction is urgently needed in order to create sustainable construction. One of the green materials that can be used is nickel slag found in PT. Vale Sorowako. This research is intended for the utilization of nickel slag of PT. Vale Sorowako in AC-BC mixture and to obtain the characteristic value of filler, fine and coarse aggregate and then the composition of the AC-BC mixture is carried out, as well as to obtain the characteristics of the mixture is carried out by marshall test and to obtain the results of the stability of the residual marshall. The guideline used in this study is SNI 03-1737-1989. The use of 100% aggregate of nickel slag and asphalt content of 5.00%-7.00% with an interval of 0.5% results in an optimum of 7.00% and meets for all test results for marshall characteristics. And for the results of KAO at asphalt content of 7.00% through marshall immersion testing on AC-BC mixture, Marshall stability was obtained Residual by 104.91%