Paulus Civil Engineering Journal adalah jurnal ilmiah hasil penelitian mahasiswa, dosen, praktisi, dan profesional yang diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus. Jurnal ini terbit 4 (empat) kali dalam setahun, pada Bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Analisis Bangkitan Perjalanan Masyarakat Kelurahan Sa’dan Matallo Kecamatan Sa’dan
Section: Artikel Keywords: bangkitan perjalanan, regresi linear berganda, transportasi, rumah tangga, Sa'dan Matallo Peningkatan aktivitas masyarakat menyebabkan kebutuhan perjalanan dan mobilitas semakin meningkat, terutama pada wilayah permukiman dengan aktivitas sosial ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan bangkitan perjalanan yang dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik sosial ekonomi rumah tangga seperti kepemilikan kendaraan, jumlah anggota keluarga, pekerjaan, pendidikan, dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Namun, hingga saat ini belum tersedia data empiris mengenai bangkitan perjalanan masyarakat di Kelurahan Sa’dan Matallo, Kecamatan Sa’dan, Kabupaten Toraja Utara sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi bangkitan perjalanan masyarakat di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bangkitan perjalanan masyarakat di Kelurahan Sa’dan Matallo, Kecamatan Sa’dan, Kabupaten Toraja Utara serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap 87 responden rumah tangga. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi kepemilikan kendaraan, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah anggota keluarga yang bekerja, jumlah anggota keluarga yang bersekolah, dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel kepemilikan kendaraan, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap bangkitan perjalanan masyarakat. Namun secara parsial, hanya jumlah anggota keluarga yang berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan kepemilikan kendaraan dan pendapatan rumah tangga tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Pada tahap awal analisis, variabel jumlah anggota keluarga yang bekerja dan jumlah anggota keluarga yang bersekolah menunjukkan pengaruh yang sangat kuat sehingga menyebabkan kondisi perfect fit akibat hubungan langsung dengan variabel bangkitan perjalanan. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anggota keluarga merupakan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi besarnya bangkitan perjalanan masyarakat di wilayah penelitian.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paulus Civil Engineering Journal
Simulasi Komputasi Gerusan Terhadap Kemiringan Baffle Block Pada Bangunan Peredam Energi USBR Type IV Bangunan Spillway
Section: Artikel Keywords: Spillway, Baffle Block, Gerusan. Surfer, USBR Type IV A spillway is a hydraulic structure designed to regulate the flow of water. The energy dissipation structure of a spillway constitutes an essential component of a dam system, functioning to dissipate the kinetic energy of flowing water downstream of the spillway. Energy dissipating devices, such as baffle blocks, are commonly utilized to enhance operational efficiency and to minimize the potential for downstream scour. This study employs computational simulation to investigate the scour behavior resulting from the placement of baffle blocks within the USBR Type IV stilling basin of a spillway, particularly in relation to changes in scour patterns. The research was conducted in a laboratory setting using a scaled physical model to represent the spillway. The experimental results were subsequently validated using SURFER software to develop a numerical model of the USBR Type IV energy dissipation channel. The numerical simulations were carried out using three discharge variations and three configurations of baffle blocks, consistent with the laboratory setup. The analysis evaluates the resulting scour patterns due to the presence of baffle blocks within the stilling basin, assessing whether the simulation outcomes align with experimental observations or exhibit discrepancies. It is expected that this study will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how variations in discharge and the configuration of baffle block placement within a USBR Type IV stilling basin influence the resulting scour patterns in the downstream channel.
Spillway, Baffle Block, Gerusan. Surfer, USBR Type IV
Perencanaan Jaringan Trayek Angkutan Umum Sebagai Feeder Trans Metro Pasundan Di Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Section: Artikel Keywords: Public Transport, Route, Demand, Fare Di Kabupaten Bandung Barat, terdapat 2 jenis trayek angkutan umum yaitu angkutan perkotaan dan angkutan pedesaan yang melayani penumpang sehari-hari. Namun setelah beroperasinya Buy The Service Trans Metro Pasundan, kinerja angkutan perkotaan dan angkutan pedesaan kurang efektif karena mengalami tumpang tindih dengan rute Trans Metro Pasundan. Oleh kerena itu perlu untuk ditata ulang menjadi angkutan pengumpan untuk mendukung kinerja Trans Metro Pasundan dan memperbaiki kinerja angkutan umum yang sudah ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan permintaan terhadap angkutan umum, rute usulan angkutan pengumpan, rencana sistem operasi, dan perhitungan biaya operasional kendaraan serta penentuan tarif operasi. Pengumpulan data meliputi data primer dan data sekunder dengan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi permintaan terhadap angkutan umum sebesar 31.878 orang/hari pada zona perkotaan di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Analisis penentuan rute usulan serta rencana operasi dan penentuan tarif operasi akan direkomendasikan dalam langkah penelitian ini.
Influence of Groundwater Fluctuation on Stress-Normalized Cone Resistance (Qtn) and Soil Behavior Type Classification
Section: Artikel Keywords: CPT, Qtn, groundwater level, effective stress, SBT Groundwater level fluctuation affects effective stress and may influence the interpretation of geotechnical parameters derived from Cone Penetration Test (CPT). This study aims to analyze the effect of groundwater fluctuations on stress-normalized cone resistance (Qtn) and its implications for Soil Behavior Type (SBT) classification. Data were obtained from three CPT points (S-05, S-10, and S-11) with simulated groundwater depths of 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m. The analysis included effective stress calculation, CPT normalization, and evaluation of Qtn changes and SBT classification. Results show that shallower groundwater levels increase Qtn due to reduced effective stress, with changes reaching up to 181.56% and consistent across all CPT points. However, these changes do not always lead to significant shifts in SBT classification. This study highlights the importance of considering groundwater conditions in CPT-based geotechnical interpretation.
CPT, Qtn, groundwater level, effective stress, SBT
Characteristics of Marshall Mix AC-WC Using Ilan River Stone, Walenrang Barat District, Luwu Regency
Section: Artikel Keywords: AC-WC, Aggregate, Marshall The AC-WC layer as the top layer in the road pavement structure is directly exposed to temperature, water and vehicle wheel loads. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the Ilan Batu River in the AC-WC mixture. The test method for fine and coarse aggregate characteristics was used in this study, which is guided by the General Specification Revision 2 of Bina Marga standards. Furthermore, the composition of the mixture (AC-WC) was designed and the Marshall test was used to evaluate the characteristics of the mixture. To assess the mixture against water, the Marshall immersion method was used. This resulted in the Marshall residual stability value. The research data shows that the aggregate characteristics of the Ilan Batu River have met all the technical specification requirements as a material for road pavement layers. The AC-WC mixture used contains 35.81% coarse aggregate, 52.98% fine aggregate, 5.21% filler, and 6.00% asphalt content. Based on the results of experiments with a range of asphalt content variations of 5.50% to 7.50%, it was concluded that the optimum asphalt content (KAO) for this mixture was 6.00%. The results of the Marshall Immersion test on the mixture in KAO showed a residual stability value of 66.20%.
Karakteristik Campuran AC-BC Menggunakan Agregat Batu Sungai Lajjoro Kabupaten Bone
Section: Artikel Keywords: Residual Marshall Stability, Aggregate Characteristics, Lajjoro River River stones from the Lajjoro River, Palakka Subdistrict, Bone Regency, are commonly used as house foundations, but their potential for AC-BC pavement mixtures was investigated. This study aimed to determine their compliance with Bina Marga 2018 Specifications. Conventional Marshall and Marshall Immersion tests were performed in the Asphalt Laboratory to analyze their performance. Results showed that stability, flow, VFB, VIM, and VMA met the requirements at 5.0%–7.0% asphalt content. The maksimal asphalt content was 6.5%, with the highest stability of 1907.85 kg and a residual Marshall stability (SMS) of 92.70%, indicating strong durability. These findings confirm that Lajjoro River stones are suitable for AC-BC mixtures, providing a reliable alternative for road pavement applications while utilizing local materials efficiently.
Pengujian Marshall dan Draindown Campuran SMA Kasar Menggunakan Agregat Gunung Bittuang
Section: Artikel Keywords: Stone Matrix Asphalt, Mountain Stone, Mixed Characteristics, Draindown Testing, Marshall Testing SMA mixtures tend to experience flow where the asphalt separates from the aggregate at high temperature conditions. Draindown is carried out to understand the conditions in which the aggregate and asphalt separate from the mixture, so that the asphalt flows to the bottom of the mixture. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of Mount Bittuang stone in the Rough SMA mixture, then carry out the Draindown test to determine asphalt flow, the Marshall test to obtain the characteristics of the mixture and the Marshall Immersion test to obtain residual Marshall stability. The Draindown testing method uses SNI 8129-2015 and Marshall testing, namely SNI 06-2489-2018. From the test results of the Rough SMA mixture using Mount Bittuang stone for the Draindown test results, namely no more than 0.3%, from the Marshall test which was carried out with asphalt content of 6.00% - 7.00% for stability, flow, VIM, VMA and VFB values ​​that met specifications. The Optimum Asphalt Content is 6.50% with a coarse aggregate composition of 70.44%, fine aggregate 13.69%, filler 9.37% and asphalt 6.50%. Marshall Immersion test results obtained a value of 93.44%.
Analisis Kinerja Persimpangan Tidak Bersinyal Jalan TalasalapangJalan Jipang Raya
Section: Artikel Keywords: KAJI, kinerja, simpang tak bersinyal, PKJI An unsignalized intersection is a condition in which a road intersection is not equipped with traffic signal devices (such as traffic lights) to regulate the flow of vehicles. The Talasalapang – Jipang Raya road intersection is quite busy on a daily basis, with conflicting traffic flows entering and exiting the intersection. The purpose of this study is to determine the peak hour volume and the degree of saturation at the Talasalapang – Jipang Raya road intersection. The guidelines used are PKJI 2023 and the KAJI software. The results of the study show that at the Talasalapang – Jipang Raya intersection, the total peak traffic flow was 2401.4 pcu/hour, occurring on weekdays. According to the KAJI software results, the traffic flow was 3,946 pcu/hour, and the degree of saturation (Ds) in the KAJI software was 1.326. The Ds value in the KAJI software exceeded 1 because the motorcycle equivalency factor in Software KAJI is 0.5, while the EMP (equivalent motorbike passenger car unit) value for motorcycles is 0.2.
Karakteristik Tanah Longsor pada Ruas Jalan Tawaeli-Toboli KM 26+57
Section: Artikel Keywords: Landslide, Poorly Graded Sand with Silt, Resistivity, , Slip Surface, Groundwater Frequent landslide disasters along the Kebun Kopi road in Central Sulawesi have significantly disrupted public mobility and goods distribution, with 12 recorded incidents throughout 2024. This condition is triggered by slope instability prone to deformation, particularly along the Tawaeli Toboli road section, where previous research indicated slope movement could exceed 0.5 meters under saturated conditions and heavy traffic loads. Addressing this issue, this study was conducted to analyze soil characteristics at the Tawaeli-Toboli Road KM 26+57 segment through laboratory testing of 8 samples and geophysical investigation. Laboratory test results identified the majority of materials as Poorly Graded Sand with Silt (SP-SM) with low density (dry unit weight 0.33-1.60 g/cm³) and minimal cohesion (0.074-0.141 kg/cm²), while geoelectrical survey revealed a subsurface profile dominated by sand-silt mixture with resistivity values of 42.9-288 Ωm indicating groundwater presence. The combination of fine-grained material properties, loose density, low cohesion, and saturated conditions creates a critical slope failure mechanism, where saturated silt layers act as potential slip surfaces, thus requiring specific mitigation measures to prevent landslides at the study location.
Study of Changes in Coastal Sediment Transport Patterns after the 2018 Earthquake and Their Implications for Boat Mooring Facilities in Palu Bay
Section: Artikel Keywords: Sediment Transport, Hydrodynamics, Shoreline Change, Palu Bay, Accretion The 2018 earthquake and tsunami in Palu Bay caused significant changes in seabed morphology that potentially affect hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport processes in the coastal area. This study aims to analyze the changes in sediment transport patterns after the disaster and their implications for coastal conditions and boat mooring facilities along Talise Beach, Palu Bay. The research was conducted using numerical modeling of hydrodynamics and sediment transport to obtain the distribution of current velocity, seabed elevation changes (bed level change), and shoreline changes. The simulation results show that the current velocity in the study area ranges from 0.002 to 0.018 m/s. The variation of bed level change values indicates the occurrence of erosion and sedimentation processes at several observation points. The shoreline change simulation results also indicate the dominance of accretion along Talise Beach, suggesting sediment accumulation in the coastal zone. This condition may contribute positively to shoreline stability but may also cause gradual shoaling in shallow waters around local fishing boat mooring areas. In addition to bathymetric changes caused by the tsunami, sediment transport dynamics in the study area are also influenced by coastal protection structures such as revetments, which modify wave energy distribution and sediment deposition patterns.
Evaluasi Pengadaan Konstruksi Jalan Berbasis SPSE di Toraja Utara dan Tana Toraja
Section: Artikel Keywords: konstruksi jalan, kualifikasi, peralatan, personil manajerial, Rencana Keselamatan Konstruksi Pengadaan pekerjaan konstruksi jalan memegang peranan strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur daerah serta menjamin pemanfaatan anggaran publik yang efektif dan akuntabel. Proses pengadaan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh nilai penawaran terendah, tetapi juga oleh kelayakan kualifikasi dan kesiapan teknis penyedia jasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis evaluasi kualifikasi dan penawaran teknis pada pengadaan pekerjaan konstruksi jalan berbasis Sistem Pengadaan Secara Elektronik (SPSE) di Kabupaten Toraja Utara dan Kabupaten Tana Toraja Tahun Anggaran 2025. Data yang digunakan berupa dokumen hasil evaluasi pengadaan terhadap 83 peserta tender, yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji Chi-Square, dan analisis proporsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kelulusan kualifikasi peserta tender tergolong sangat tinggi, sedangkan kelulusan pada tahap evaluasi teknis relatif lebih rendah dan bervariasi antar lokasi. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa faktor peralatan dan Rencana Keselamatan Konstruksi (RKK) memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kelulusan evaluasi teknis, sedangkan faktor personil manajerial tidak konsisten. Analisis proporsi menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan tingkat kelulusan evaluasi teknis antar lokasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa seluruh faktor teknis memiliki peran yang sama penting dalam sistem evaluasi gugur, sehingga ketidaksesuaian pada salah satu aspek teknis akan menyebabkan penawaran tidak lolos serta mempengaruhi tingkat persaingan dan nilai pengadaan konstruksi jalan.
Analisis Stabilitas Lereng menggunakan Dinding Penahan Tanah dengan Perkuatan Mortar Busa
Section: Artikel Keywords: Foam Mortar, FEM, Landslide, Slope Stability Landslides are one of the most common geological hazards occurring in areas with steep topography and high rainfall, such as Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study aims to identify the causes of the landslide, determine the soil characteristics, and design a slope stabilization solution using foam mortar reinforcement. The research methodology includes subsurface soil investigation through drilling and Standard Penetration Test (SPT), followed by numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the aid of Plaxis software. The analysis results indicate that the application of foam mortar as a slope reinforcement material can improve slope stability, producing a Safety Factor (SF) of 1.568 under traffic load conditions and 1.145 under seismic loading conditions. These values meet the safety requirements specified in the Indonesian standard SNI 8460:2017. Therefore, the use of foam mortar can be considered an effective alternative solution for enhancing slope stability and reducing landslide risk along the road section.
Penjadwalan Proyek Konstruksi Perumahan Menggunakan Metode Queuing System
Section: Artikel Keywords: critical path method, konstruksi repetitif, manajemen proyek, manajemen produksi, sistem antrean Housing development project is a construction activity characterized by repetitive construction activities, as the models and sizes of the houses built are generally similar and constructed repeatedly within a limited area. The conventional scheduling method, the Critical Path Method (CPM), is frequently applied in construction projects, however, CPM is less effective for repetitive construction as in housing development project because it does not account for the number of work units waiting to be processed (queuing). This study aims to analyze the application of the queuing system/queueing method in the planning and control of housing construction project schedules in Palu City, Indonesia. The research adopts a quantitative approach with descriptive and predictive analyses, utilizing field observations, interviews, and document analysis. Housing construction activity data are analyzed using the CPM and subsequently compared with a queuing system model through computer simulation. The results indicate that the queuing system method represents workflow more realistically than CPM, particularly in accounting for waiting times and production capacity at each construction stage. This approach is expected to enhance time and resource efficiency in repetitive housing construction projects and to contribute to the development of construction management based on production system principles.
critical path method, konstruksi repetitif, manajemen proyek, manajemen produksi, sistem antrean
Evaluasi Perkerasan Lentur Menggunakan Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan 2024 dan Program Circly 7.0
Section: Artikel Keywords: CIRCLY 7.0, evaluasi kinerja, MDPJ 2024, perkerasan lentur Flexible pavements on highways often experience damage due to increased traffic volume and load, which impacts the service life and road maintenance costs. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2024 Road Pavement Design Manual and CIRCLY 7.0 software in analyzing performance and predicting the remaining life of flexible pavements. The research method uses a quantitative approach with data in the form of Average Daily Traffic, road design age, vehicle growth rate, and load equivalent factor. The evaluation is carried out through manual calculations based on MDPJ 2024, including cumulative traffic load estimation and subgrade CBR analysis values, then modeled using CIRCLY 7.0 for pavement structure simulation. The analysis results show that the existing pavement thickness does not meet the MDPJ 2024 requirements with a CESA value of 0.916×10⁶ for a design life of 20 years. Based on MDPJ 2024, the recommended pavement thickness is 875 mm, while the results of the CIRCLY 7.0 analysis show that a thickness of 350 mm is still suitable for light to medium traffic..
CIRCLY 7.0, evaluasi kinerja, MDPJ 2024, perkerasan lentur
Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Beton pada Tanah terhadap Unconfined Compression Test
Section: Artikel Keywords: kuat tekan bebas, limbah beton, stabilitas One method of improving the quality of soil is stability, which can be accomplished by mechanical compaction. Adding additives is another way to accomplish it. The addition of concrete waste to the soil is one issue. Concrete trash is frequently just buried or abandoned, which over time may have a detrimental effect on the environment. Concrete waste was added to the soil as a soil-binding agent in order to stabilize the soil in this investigation. Timbuseng Village, Pattalasang District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, had a water content of 28.11% according to soil test data. The Unconfined Compression Test results for the addition of concrete waste used to stabilize clay soil with concrete waste, a soil located in Pangkabinanga, Pallangga District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, show that the unconfined compressive strength test results and the concrete waste vs. qu (kg/cm2) graph for sample 1 (0% qu) are 0.088, 8% (0.102), 16% (0.132), and 24% (0.168). This test shows that each soil sample with a mixture of concrete waste experienced an increase in each variation, resulting in an increase in soil compressive strength, resulting in stronger soil.
kuat tekan bebas, limbah beton, stabilitas
Kajian Konseptual Value Engineering untuk Optimalisasi Biaya Revitalisasi Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Section: Artikel Keywords: Efisiensi Anggaran, Optimalisasi Biaya, Perencanaan Proyek, Proyek Revitalisasi Sekolah Menengah Pertama , Value Engineering Penelitian ini membahas pendekatan inovatif Value Engineering (VE) untuk optimalisasi biaya dalam proyek revitalisasi sekolah menengah di Morowali Utara, Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan kualitas fasilitas pendidikan sekaligus mengelola anggaran proyek secara efisien, mengingat keterbatasan sumber daya dan tuntutan untuk mempertahankan mutu serta keselamatan bangunan. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan merumuskan metode VE yang efektif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi anggaran tanpa mengurangi fungsi, mutu, maupun keselamatan struktur. Dengan menggunakan analisis konseptual, penelitian menyoroti pentingnya integrasi VE sebagai strategi perencanaan proyek melalui identifikasi item pekerjaan dengan kontribusi biaya signifikan dan potensi efisiensi. Analisis mempertimbangkan material, metode pelaksanaan, dan penggunaan ulang komponen seperti bekisting, sehingga memungkinkan penghematan biaya yang signifikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi penggunaan bekisting, pemilihan material alternatif yang lebih efisien, serta penerapan metode pelaksanaan yang tepat mampu menekan total biaya proyek dari Rp155.622.000,00 menjadi Rp149.496.000,00, dengan penghematan sebesar Rp6.126.000,00 atau sekitar 3,94% dari total anggaran awal. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa VE merupakan pendekatan tepat untuk meningkatkan nilai guna proyek melalui keseimbangan antara biaya, fungsi, mutu, dan keberlanjutan bangunan, serta memberikan dasar perencanaan proyek revitalisasi sekolah berikutnya yang lebih cost-effective dan bernilai tinggi.
Efisiensi Anggaran, Optimalisasi Biaya, Perencanaan Proyek, Proyek Revitalisasi Sekolah Menengah Pertama , Value Engineering
Identifikasi Kawasan Rawan Bencana Gerakan Tanah Dengan Menggunakan GIS-MCDA dan AHP di Kecamatan Tirtoyudo, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur
Section: Artikel Keywords: gerakan tanah, GIS, MCDPA, AHP, kerawanan longsor, Tirtoyudo This study aims to map creep susceptibility in Tirtoyudo Sub-district, Malang Regency, using a GIS based on a MCDA approach with AHP weighting in digital elevation data with 0.27 arcsecond. The parameters utilized in this study include slope, rainfall, geology/rock type, soil type, and land cover. Each parameter was spatially analyzed and classified according to its effect on creep occurrence, and subsequently integrated using the weighted overlay method to produce a creep susceptibility zoning map. The results indicate that Tirtoyudo Sub-district is predominantly characterized by a moderate susceptibility zone covering approximately 908.06 ha, followed by a low susceptibility zone of 89.06 ha and a high susceptibility zone of 6.68 ha. This distribution suggests that most of the area falls within a moderate level of susceptibility. The high susceptibility zones, although limited in extent, are concentrated on steep slopes, weak geological formations, and areas with sparse land cover. These results can serve as a scientific basis for disaster mitigation planning and spatial development strategies in landslide-prone areas in the aforementioned sub-district.
Tinjauan Literatur Sistem Peringatan Fase Hijau: Efisiensi dan Keselamatan pada Simpang Bersinyal
Section: Artikel Keywords: Efficiency, heterogeneous traffic, signalized intersections, green phase warning system, start-up lost time Signalized intersections are critical components of urban traffic systems. However, inefficiencies caused by start-up lost time (SULT) and increased accident risks remain major challenges. Green Phase Warning Systems (GPWS) have emerged as an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) innovation to reduce SULT and improve traffic safety. This paper presents a literature review of GPWS research published from 2010 to 2025. Findings show that GPWS reduces driver reaction time by 15–25%, increases intersection throughput up to 20%, and decreases rear-end collision risks. However, its effectiveness in heterogeneous traffic contexts, particularly in Indonesia where motorcycles dominate, remains limited. Future studies should focus on adaptive GPWS designs tailored for mixed traffic and explore policy frameworks supporting large-scale adoption.
Efficiency, heterogeneous traffic, signalized intersections, green phase warning system, start-up lost time
Copyright (c) 2025 Paulus Civil Engineering Journal
Studi Persepsi Pengguna Angkutan On-Line dan Konvensional Terhadap Kualitas Infrastruktur Jalan di Kota Palu (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Palu Selatan)
Section: Artikel Keywords: Angkutan on-line, angkutan konvensional, infrastruktur jalan, persepsi pengguna, Kota Palu Palu City, the administrative center of Central Sulawesi Province, has experienced rapid development in various aspects, including an increase in population and community mobility. These changes have resulted in an increased need for efficient and accessible transportation. Before the advent of app-based transportation, people still relied heavily on conventional public transportation as their primary mode of transportation. However, with the advent of on-line transportation services such as Gojek, Grab, and Maxim, people's mobility patterns have begun to change significantly. This study aims to determine the factors influencing transportation mode choice and the perceptions of on-line and conventional transportation users regarding the quality of road infrastructure in Palu City. The method used was a field survey with questionnaires and quantitative data analysis of 100 respondents. The results showed that people predominantly chose on-line transportation over conventional transportation. The main factors influencing this choice include service quality (90.82%), transparent and affordable fares (91.53%), ease of access (88.71%), and shorter travel time (86.82%). In addition, the presence of on-line motorcycle taxis has had a significant impact on reducing the number of passengers and the income of public transportation drivers. Of the total respondents, 85% chose to use on-line motorcycle taxis, while only 15% still used public transportation (angkot). In conclusion, the presence of on-line transportation has significantly influenced changes in the behavior of Palu City residents in choosing their mode of transportation. In addition to increasing efficiency and comfort, this situation also requires improvements in the quality of road infrastructure and adjustments to transportation policies to maintain a balance between on-line and conventional modes of transportation.
Angkutan on-line, angkutan konvensional, infrastruktur jalan, persepsi pengguna, Kota Palu
Faktor Appropriate Site Development Green Building Rumah Sakit di Palu
Section: Artikel Keywords: Factors, Site, Energy, Efficiency, Building The study aimed to assess the implementation of Green Building in hospital buildings in Palu City, by conducting evaluations based on the GreenShip Existing Building Version 1.1 and GreenShip New Building Version 1.2 assessment criteria in the appropriate site development and environmental categories. The research method employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were obtained from interviews with each respondent at three hospitals in Palu City. Data were processed based on responses to the Greenship Existing Building Version 1.1 and Greenship New Building Version 1.2 assessment criteria. The study found that Anutapura Hospital and Undata Hospital received a gold rating, scoring 9 points out of a maximum of 16 points, or 57%. Tadulako University Hospital received a silver rating, with a score of 9 points, or 52%.
Factors, Site, Energy, Efficiency, Building
Evaluasi Perilaku Tanah Dasar Embung Rano Tadulako terhadap Pengaruh Gempa
Section: Artikel Keywords: Embung Rano Tadulako, daya dukung dinamis, gempa, stabilitas tanah dasar, Metode Pseudostatik Palu City is an earthquake-prone area, notably marked by the September 28, 2018 earthquake (Mw 7.4) which caused significant damage. Rano Tadulako Reservoir serves as a crucial raw water supply for Tadulako University, necessitating evaluation of its subgrade stability against seismic effects. This study evaluates subgrade stability through dynamic bearing capacity analysis using the pseudostatic method. Primary data includes Cone Penetration Tests at 4 points across 20 cross-sections, while secondary data comprises seismic parameters showing PGA = 0.919 g. Analysis involved calculating horizontal seismic coefficient (kh = 0.46), ultimate bearing capacity using Terzaghi's method, and seismic capacity reduction. Results show 84% of the reservoir (16 of 19 segments) meets safety criteria with SF ≥ 1.5, ranging from 0.150 to 7.402. Critical points were identified at segments 9-10 with SF = 0.150. Overall, the subgrade is relatively safe, though local reinforcement and continuous monitoring are essential for long-term stability.
Embung Rano Tadulako, daya dukung dinamis, gempa, stabilitas tanah dasar, Metode Pseudostatik
Analisis Penjadwalan Proyek Menggunakan Metode PERT Pada Pembangunan Proyek Perumahan
Section: Artikel Keywords: Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), perumahan, time schedule Housing development is one of the important sectors in infrastructure development in a country. However, housing projects often faces challenges in terms of scheduling and time management. Therefore, project scheduling analysis is crucial to ensuret each stage of the project is completed on time and within predetermined budget. This study aims determine the processing time of the Tallasa City Alstonia cluster housing construction project using the Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) method of development, and to identify the critical activities in housing construction projects. The data collection method used includes direct field observation and the use of the available project time schedule to obtain information on the duration and sequence of each task. The collected data is then analyzed using the PERT method to estimate three times: optimal time, pessimistic time, and most likely/ realistic time. The results showed that the construction duration of the Alstonia Cluster housing project is 351 days, while the planned Time Schedule is 240 days. The conclusion of the PERT analysis indicates that the project is 111 days later than the planned time.
Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
Analisis Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Pada Pekerjaan Atap Pada Pembangunan Sekolah Dasar Al-Azhar Summarecon Mutiara Makassar
Section: Artikel Keywords: productivity, school, worker The success of a construction project heavily depends on the availability and role of labor. In its implementation, labor productivity capacity is crucial to achieving optimal results. In the construction of Al-Azhar Summarecon Mutiara Makassar Elementary School, a study was conducted aimed at analyzing labor productivity, particularly in the installation of wide flange steel roof trusses. This research was carried out through direct field observations to measure labor productivity, which was then compared with the SNI 7393:2008 standard. Based on the analysis, the average productivity of workers in the installation of wide flange steel roof trusses was found to be 99.34 kg/man-hour. Meanwhile, the productivity according to SNI standards for the installation of wide flange steel roof trusses is 166.6 kg/man-hour. This indicates that the labor employed in the process of installing wide flange steel roof trusses is not productive.
Analisis Keselamatan Jalan Terhadap Persepsi Tingkat Risiko Kecelakaan Ruas Rantepao–Sa’dan
Section: Artikel Keywords: keselamatan jalan, persepsi risiko kecelakaan, rambu dan marka jalan, regresi linear berganda Keselamatan jalan merupakan aspek penting dalam sistem transportasi karena berkaitan langsung dengan risiko kecelakaan lalu lintas yang dirasakan pengguna jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kondisi keselamatan jalan terhadap persepsi tingkat risiko kecelakaan pada pengguna Ruas Jalan Rantepao–Sa’dan. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi kondisi permukaan jalan, rambu dan marka jalan, penerangan jalan, serta kepatuhan pengguna jalan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner kepada 131 responden. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, statistik deskriptif, uji korelasi Pearson, dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penelitian valid dan reliabel. Secara deskriptif, kondisi permukaan jalan dinilai cukup baik, sementara rambu dan marka serta penerangan jalan masih kurang memadai. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa rambu dan marka jalan, penerangan jalan, serta kepatuhan pengguna jalan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persepsi tingkat risiko kecelakaan, dengan rambu dan marka jalan sebagai faktor paling dominan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peningkatan fasilitas keselamatan visual dan pembinaan perilaku disiplin pengguna jalan.
Road User Satisfaction Analysis on the Bolu–Rantepao Road Segment
Section: Artikel Keywords: user satisfaction, road service performance, linear regression, IPA, North Toraja This study aims to analyze road user satisfaction on the Bolu–Rantepao corridor, one of the main road corridors in North Toraja Regency that supports both local and regional mobility. Five road service variables were evaluated, namely road physical condition (X₁), traffic flow performance (X₂), safety and lighting facilities (X₃), environmental comfort and pedestrian facilities (X₄), and traffic management and regulation (X₅). This research employed a quantitative approach through a questionnaire survey involving 100 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to examine the influence of road service variables on user satisfaction (Y), along with Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) using the derived importance approach to identify service improvement priorities. The regression results indicate that road physical condition (X₁) and traffic flow performance (X₂) have a positive and statistically significant effect on road user satisfaction, while safety and lighting facilities (X₃), environmental comfort and pedestrian facilities (X₄), and traffic management and regulation (X₅) do not show a significant effect. The IPA results reveal that road physical condition (X₁) falls into Quadrant I as the top priority for improvement due to its high importance but low performance, particularly related to pavement condition, road markings, and signage at certain segments such as the Sa’dan River bridge. Meanwhile, traffic flow performance (X₂) is positioned in Quadrant II, indicating that its current performance should be maintained. These findings provide clear and practical guidance for local authorities in formulating effective and targeted road service improvement strategies.
Performance Assessment of Wastewater Management for Safe Sanitation in Religious Educational Institutions in Palu City
Section: Artikel Keywords: Safe Sanitation, wastewater management, Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), Islamic Boarding Schools, Palu City Effective wastewater management in religious educational institutions plays a critical role in ensuring access to safe sanitation. This study evaluates the performance of wastewater management systems in seven Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) in Palu City using a mixed approach that includes questionnaires administered to students and administrators, field inspections of sanitation facilities, and laboratory analysis of effluent quality. Perception data were processed using a Likert scale and analyzed descriptively with SPSS. Laboratory results indicate that all effluent quality parameters—TSS, BOD, COD, pH, oil and grease, and ammonia—meet the regulatory limits set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.68/2016, demonstrating that the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operate effectively. Field observations show that most pesantren fall within the good to very good performance category, although several gaps remain, particularly in facility maintenance, sufficiency of toilet units, and documentation of WWTP operational activities. Questionnaire responses reveal that students generally exhibit good hygiene practices, though consistency varies. The study highlights the need for increasing the number of toilets in line with student-to-facility ratios, expanding or modifying WWTP capacity to accommodate population growth, and strengthening operation and maintenance routines through systematic record-keeping. Continued monitoring support from relevant authorities is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of wastewater management in religious educational institutions
KAJIAN MUTU BETON DENGAN VARIASI USIA PADA GEDUNG SMKN 1 BUMIJAWA
Section: Artikel Keywords: Kuat Tekan Beton Sekolah SMK N 1 Bumijawa merupakan sekolah kejuruan yang terletak di Kabupaten Kota Tegal. Gedung sekolah ini merupakan gedung 1 lantai yang dirancang dengan luasan bangunan sebesar dengan 2 tingkat. Dalam perancangan mutu beton yang digunakan beton ready mix pada kolom, balok, dan pelat yaitu dengan mutu K – 250. Pekerjaan beton di lapangan tentu saja melewati banyak tahapan, termasuk pengujian sample untuk mengetahui kuat tekan. Sample untuk beton ready mix diambil dari PT. Nisajana Hasna Rizqy dan PT. Buana Beton Srikandi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan korelasi antara mutu beton dengan variasi usia beton yang semakin hari semakin bertambah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh korelasi usia beton dengan kuat tekan akan selalu berjalan beriringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen yang menggunakan benda uji kubus dengan ukuran sisi 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kuat tekan semakin meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan usia beton. Peningkatan kuat tekan beton readymix dari PT. Nisajana Hasna Rizky usia 7 hari pada elemen struktur kolom 63%, balok 76%, dan pelat 67%, sedangkan peningkatan dari PT. Buana Beton Srikandi pada kolom 66%, balok 76%, dan pelat 69%. Hal ini terbukti bahwa usia beton sangat mempengaruhi dan berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kuat tekan beton.
Kajian Infrastruktur Transportasi dalam Mendukung Pengembangan Pariwisata di Kabupaten Toraja Utara
Section: Artikel Keywords: Infrastruktur, Transportasi, Pariwisata Kabupaten Toraja Utara merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata unggulan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dengan kekayaan budaya, tradisi, dan keindahan alam yang menjadi daya tarik utama bagi wisatawan domestik maupun mancanegara.Tujuan penelitian ini, menganalisis kondisi jaringan jalan terhadap pengembangan wisata di Kabupaten Toraja Utara, menganalisis kondisi aksebilitas menuju lokasi wisata di kabupaten Toraja Utara dan merekomendasikan strategi prioritas pengembangan jaringan jalan menuju objek wisata di Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Statistik Deskriptif untuk menentukan kondisi jaringan jalan dan aksesibilitas, Analisis SWOT dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk menentukan strategi prioritas pengembangan jaringan jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi jaringan jalan menuju lokasi objek wisata yang memiliki persentase tertinggi yaitu faktor banyaknya ruas jalan mengalami kerusakan dengan tingkat keparahan yang beragam dengan persentase 96%, Aksebilitas menuju lokasi wisata yang memiliki persentase tertinggi yaitu faktor waktu tempuh menuju lokasi wisata menjadi sangat lama dengan persentase 97% serta strategi prioritas untuk peningkatan infrastruktur jalan dalam menunjang perkembangan wisata di Kabupaten Toraja Utara yaitu melakukan pemetaan jalan rusak dan prioritaskan perbaikan jalan yang paling parah dan berdampak langsung pada aksesibilitas ke objek wisata dengan persentase sebesar 63%. Kata kunci: Infrastruktur, Transportasi, Pariwisata, Toraja.
Perubahan Pola Aliran Akibat Variasi Model Baffle Block Pada Bangunan Spillway
Section: Artikel Keywords: Bendungan, Spillway, Baffle Blockm, Loncatan Hidraulik The spillway is a hydraulic structure characterized by a channel with a steep longitudinal slope. Variations in the channel cross-section significantly influence the flow characteristics, particularly the transition from subcritical to supercritical flow conditions. A series of physical model experiments were conducted to investigate the flow behavior along the spillway structure by modifying the configuration of the baffle blocks in accordance with the standard design criteria for energy dissipation systems. High flow discharge in a steep channel generates considerable flow velocity and kinetic energy. Variations in flow pressure as water passes through the spillway structure strongly affect the downstream safety, especially concerning potential erosion of the riverbanks and channel bed. The implementation of baffle blocks along the chute effectively reduces flow energy, thereby altering flow behavior and velocity distribution over time. The findings of this study reveal that the upstream water depth is directly proportional to the energy magnitude at the downstream section of the spillway. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of the baffle blocks in dissipating flow energy, as confirmed through both analysis and experimental observations. It can be concluded that the fluid friction observed along the channel results from transitional flow phenomena occurring within the chute section.
Bendungan, Spillway, Baffle Blockm, Loncatan Hidraulik
Analisis Produktivtas Alat Berat Pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Akses dan Fasilitas Pendukung Stasiun Maros
Section: Artikel Keywords: Heavy Equipment , , earthwork,, productivity Road construction as access and connection to an area is beneficial, among other things, to facilitate the mobilization of goods and services, improve the economy and connectivity between regions. The Maros district government is constructing a new road to connect Maros Train Station with the main road, with a length of 2.5 km. The work carried out is land leveling. This work uses heavy equipment to achieve high productivity so that the work can be completed on time, on budget, and with high quality. Four units of construction equipment were used according to their functions, including dump trucks to transport material from the quarry to the project site, excavators to spread the material, bulldozers to level it, and vibration rollers to compact it. Research was conducted to determine the productivity of each tool according to its function and characteristics. The results of the research on the productivity of each tool showed that the productivity of the dump truck was 14.78 m3/hour, the excavator was 337.62 m3/hour, the bulldozer was 91.12 m3/hour, and the vibration roller was 110.67 m3/hour.